Infertility in males 

◾️ Infertility in males is usually the result of a low number of normal healthy sperm (~200 million sperm per ejaculation). 

◾️ Male with a sperm count below 55 to 60 million sperm per ejaculation would be considered infertile. 

◾️ Remedying a low sperm count may be: changing the style of underwear, the size of his pants, both of which might cause the testes to be maintained at too high of a temperature.  Switching from tight briefs and pants that may hold the testes too close to the body to boxers and looser pants may increase a man’s sperm count. 

◾️ Other conditions resulting in a low sperm count: Low testosterone levels, immune disorders that attack sperm, radiation, drugs (anabolic steroids and marijuana) and diseases (mumps, gonorrhea) 

Infertility in females

◾️ Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (any severe bacterial infection of the female reproductive tract). 

◾️ PID that reaches the oviducts can cause scarring that may seal the oviducts and prevent passage of the egg or sperm.

◾️ The strongly acidic vaginal secretions or a thick mucus some women have can damage sperm and make it difficult for the sperm to move toward the egg. 

◾️ Endometriosis is a condition in which the endometrial tissue  migrates up the oviduct and implants on organs such as the (bladder, kidneys, ovaries, and colon). This misplaced tissue is stimulated each month by the hormonal cycle and can cause pain and infertility. 

◾️ The reproductive success of females is affected by age much more than it is in males. In a woman in her mid-40s, the ovaries contain far fewer oocytes and become less responsive to LH and FSH than in a younger woman. Also, oocytes ovulated near the end of a woman’s reproductive life are more likely to have been damaged by years of exposure to environmental toxins, radiation, drugs, chemicals, and disease.

İn USA, many couples have been known to spend in excess of $250,000 in the hope of becoming biological parents.